In the mountainous part of Uzbekistan, air temperatures decrease with altitude.
The least amount of precipitation in Uzbekistan falls on Ustyurt in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and in Kyzylkum, about 100 mm per year. The amount of precipitation increases to the east and southeast as the terrain rises. In the foothill of Uzbekistan, an average of 300-550 mm of precipitation a year falls on the slopes of the Western Tien-Shan and Gissar-Zarafshansky mountains, facing the moist air stream, 800-900 mm of precipitation falls. The bulk of precipitation falls in winter (30% of annual precipitation) and in spring (40%).
Summer in Uzbekistan is dry and hot, the average July temperature in the flat part is + 26 , + 30 ° C, and in the south reaches + 31 ° … + 32 ° C. Absolute maximum air temperature in Tashkent is + 44 ° C, in Termez + 50 ° C. The surface of sand in the deserts is heated up to + 75 ° … + 80 ° C.
The average annual air temperature in Nukus is + 10.8 ° C, in Tashkent + 11.9 ° C, in Termez + 17.0 ° C.
The average January temperature rises from the north-west (at Ustyurt -10 ° … -11 ° C) to the southeast (in Tashkent + 0.9 ° C, in Samarkand + 0.3 ° C, in Termez +2, 8 ° C). Sometimes winter temperatures decrease sharply under the influence of Arctic air and the Siberian anticyclone. Thus, the absolute minimum temperature in Surkhan-Darya is -20 ° C, in Tashkent -30 ° C, in Ustyurt -38 ° C.
Precipitation in the plains of Uzbekistan for 35-40 days a year,and in the mountainous part of the republic 70-90 days.
Part of the precipitation falls in the form of snow. But on the plains the snow cover is unstable, it keeps in the northwest 40-50 days, in the southwest 10-15 days, and in the mountains it persists for 90-100 days.
The average thickness of the snow cover on the plains is 1-8 cm (the most powerful 30 cm), in the foothills 10-20 cm (reaches 60 cm), in the mountains 60 cm (maximum reaches 1.5-2 m).
In the plains of Uzbekistan, the annual volatility is several times higher than the amount of precipitation (in Tashkent 3.5 times, in Nukus 27 times).
